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    Horsepower Calculator Enter your vehicle's quarter mile time (assuming you know it) and vehicle weight and this program will display your car's estimated horsepower.

    Car Model :
    Vehicle Weight With Driver : (in Pounds)
    Quarter Mile time : (in seconds)

    More Calculators

    Video - More Energy Saving Tips





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    Battery Bank Basics


    Off Grid Battery Bank

    Building a battery bank and having a method of keeping them charged is one of the first steps in building an alternate energy system for off grid applications. A battery bank can be used to run lighting, t.v., radio, microwave, etc.

    Sizes range from a few batteries, a charging system and an inverter, to hospitals and universities that need power for lighting and important equipment.

    All battery systems have to be properly recharged. This is done by the generator or other source of alternate energy. The larger the system, the larger the generator or other source of charge has to be.

    Batteries are rated in voltage and ampere hour capacity. The greater the amp hour capacity of the battery bank, the longer it can power equipment before needing to be recharged. Energy from the generator or alternative energy source can be stored for later use.

    With the cost of fuel, oil and maintenance it makes sense. Rather than running a generator all the time to get power, it only has to be operated when equalization charging takes place and when the system does not have sufficient capacity to power heavy loads.

    The initial investment in a battery bank is well worth it, providing power 100 percent of the time. Battery backup is increasingly used in grid tied systems as well.

    Battery banks are wired and sized to produce energy needed in voltages ranging from 12, 24, 48, 60,vdc and sometimes higher. The higher the loads (demand) placed on the system, the higher the voltage has to be to match the input voltage required by more powerful inverters that are needed for larger loads.

    Once you have figured out your daily watt hour consumption and have revised that figure by practicing energy management, you can calculate your battery capacity.

    Use the following formula.

    (watt hours) wh/day x days of storage x bat.eff. x dod(depth of discharge) = ampere hours. battery efficiency ( 75-90%) effbat battery voltage ( 12,24,48,60+,etc ) maximum depth of discharge from( 20-80% )



    Battery Bank Wiring Examples



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    Equipment Consumption Averages/Starting Wattage

    Item
    Starting Wattage
    Running Wattage
    1/4' Drill 300 300
    12' Concrete Cutter 3600 1800
    7 1/4' Circular Saw 3000 1500
    Air Compressor (Average) 4000 2000
    Belt Sander 1000 1000
    Central Air Conditioner
    10,000 BTU
    2200 1500
    20,000 BTU
    3300 2500
    24,000 BTU
    4950 3800
    32,000 BTU
    6500 5000
    40,000 BTU
    6700 6000
    Chain Saw 1200 1200
    Circular Saw 2400 1200
    Disc Grinder 4000 2000
    Disc Sander 1200 1200
    Drill 1800 720
    Edger 2400 960
    Electric Chainsaw 2400 1200
    Electric Lawn Mower 4320 1440
    Electric Pressure Washer 3600 1200
    Electric String Trimmer 1500 600
    Electric Weed Trimmer 500 500
    Furnace Fan, gas/fuel oil furnace
    1/8 horsepower
    500 300
    1/6 horsepower
    750 500
    1/4 horsepower
    1000 800
    2/5 horsepower
    1400 700
    3/5 horsepower
    2350 875
    Jig Saw 1800 720
    Jigsaw 300 300
    Miter Saw 2100 840
    Orbital Sander 1800 600
    Paint Sprayer 1080 360
    Planer 2400 960
    Router 1500 600
    Water Pump 3000 1000
    Wet/Dry Vacuum 2500 888
    Winch 5400 1800
    Worm Drive Saw 3100 1560


    Basic Energy Formulas And Equivalents - Appliance Average Consumption Ratings



    • Energy is ability to do work. 1 newton of force over 1 meter is 1 newton-meter or joule or watt second of work done.

    • Power is the rate of doing work. lifting 1 pound weight

    • 1 foot in one second is 1 foot-pound per second. if you lift 550 pounds one foot in one second that's 1 horsepower of power required.
    • Most people would have problem lifting 550 pounds (249.48 kg), directly. but you can lift that weight with a winch over longer time and the same amount of work was done, just took longer so required less power.
    • Same principle with levers or pulleys. The force is reduced but distance the force is applied increases. So total of force * distance remains the same. (minus any friction loss) the same amount of work can be done by letting the weight fall, but then you have to do work to lift it back up.
    • 1 btu = 252 calories
    • 1 btu = 1055 joules (watt seconds) = .293 watt hours
    • 1 btu raises 1 pound of water 1 degree fahrenheit
    • 1 calorie raises a gram of water 1 degree celsius 1kilocalorie is used for diets = 1 kilogram water 1 deg celsius
    • 1 calorie = 4.186 joules
    • 1 therm = 100,000 btu = 29.3 kwh
    • 1 ton of refrigeration = 12,000 btu/hr
    • 1 lb residential garbage = 2,500 btu =0.73 kwh
    • 1 lb coal = 13,000 btu = 3.81kwh 1ton=7.62 mwh $1.31 per million btu = 0.44 cents per kwh
    • 1 lb wood = 3,500 btu = 1.03 kwh
    • 1 gal propane= 92,000 btu = 30 kwh
    • 1 gal fuel oil= 138,000 btu = 40.45 kwh ($1.00 gallon = 2.5c/kwh)
    • 1 cu. ft. nat. gas = 1,000 btu = .29 kwh (44cent per 100 cuft=1.5c/kwh)
    • 1 hp = 745.7 watts = 2545.3 btu hr
    • 1 hp = 33,479 btuh (boiler)
    • 1 hp = = 550 foot-lbs/sec = 33,000 foot-lbs/min
    • 1 hp = 42.44 btu/min.
    • hp = torque in pound-feet x rpm/5252
    • (revolutions per minute /60) *2 *pi = radians/second s rpm * 0.1047 = radians/sec
    • note: torque is measured in "foot pounds" but should be described as "pound feet" or 1 pound force at 1 foot radius to avoid confusion with work done lifting 1 pound 1 foot, unit of energy.
    • 1 joule = 1 watt second = 1 newton meter
    • Energy is a scalar, with basic si units of kg-m^2/sec^2 (also defined to be the joule).
    • Einstein's equation: e = mc^2 would be for 1 gram of mass and c = velocity of light =3 * 10^8 meter/sec 1 * 10^-3 kilograms * 9 * 10^16 = 9 * 10^13 joules or 9 * 10^13/3.6 * 10^6 = 2.5 * 10^7 kwh.
    • Kinetic energy of a moving mass is 1/2 * m * v^2 joules, m is mass in kg and v is velocity in meters/sec.
    • Momentum is a *vector*, with basic si units of kg-m/sec.
    • Rotational momentum is p = j x w, where j is the moment of inertia (same as used for calculating rotational kinetic energy).
    • Ke of rotationally moving objects equation ke = 0.5 x j x w^2, where j = moment of inertia (rotational analog of mass, related to the object's mass and its distribution around the axis of rotation), an w = rotational speed, radians/second. acceleration is the change in velocity/time earth gravity acceleration is about 32 feet/sec^2 or 9.81 meters/sec^2.
    • That means that velocity of something falling without wind resistance or other force, will increase 32 feet per second, every second or 9.81 meters/second, every second. stopping or deceleration is calculated the same.
    • v is velocity, d/t, meters/second or feet/second d is distance a is acceleration, change in velocity/time, m/s^2 t is time in seconds
    • v= at, t = v/a, a=v/t, d = 1/2at^2, t= 2d/v, t = (2d/a)^0.5 {sqrt}, d = 1/2v^2/a, a = 1/2v^2/d, v = (2ad)^0.5 {sqrt} d = vt for constant velocity
    • Using same units such as a = 32 feet per second^2, in two seconds the distance traveled would be 1/2 * 32 feet/sec^2 * 2 sec^2 = 64 feet or 1/2 * 9.8 m/s^2 * 2 sec^2 = 19.6 meters
    • 1 watt = 1 volt x 1 amp
    • 1 amp = 1 coulomb of charge per second (6.02 * 10^23 electrons)
    • 1 ohm = resistance that has 1 volt for 1 amp current

    • Ohm's law e for voltage, i for amperage, r for resistance ohms, p for watts
    • e=ir, e=p/i, e=(rp)^0.5, i=e/r, i=p/e, i=(p/r)^0.5, r=e/i, r=p/i^2, r=e^2/p, p=ei, p=i^2r, p=e^2/r
    • 1 watthour = 3.412 btu
    • 1 kilowatt-hr = 3412 btu = 3.6 * 10^6 joule
    • 1 kilowatt = 1,000 watts
    • 1 kilowatt = 1.3405 horsepower

    • 1 atmosphere = 14.7 lbs./sq. inch
    • 1 atmosphere = 29.92 inches of mercury
    • 1 pound per square inch = 6.899 kilopascals.
    • 1 pascal is newton of force over 1 meter square, pressure.
    • 1 centimeter = .3937 inches
    • 1 cubic foot = 1728 cubic inches
    • 1 cubic foot = 7.48 gallons us
    • 1 cubic foot/minute = 7.482 gallons/minute
    • 1 cubic foot water = 62.4 lbs @ 60 deg. f
    • 1 foot of water = .4333 lbs/sq. inch
    • 1 foot-pound = .001286 btu
    • 1 foot-pound = 1.356 newton meters
    • 1 newton meter = 0.7376 foot pounds = 1 joule
    • 1 newton accelerates 1 kg at 1 meter per second^2 (about 9.81 newtons = 1kg force in earth gravity)
    • 1 foot/second = 0.68182 miles per hour
    • 1 mph = 1.46667 feet per second.
    • 1 meter/second = 3.6 kilometers/hour
    • 1 meter = 39.37 inches = 3.28084 feet = 1.0936 yards
    • 1 foot = .3048 meters
    • 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters = .0254 meters.
    • 1 gallon us = 3.785 liters = 231 cubic inches.
    • 1 gallon us water = 8.35 lbs
    • 1 inch of water = .03613 lbs./sq. inch
    • 1 foot of water = 0.4335 psi
    • 1 liter = 1.057 quarts
    • 1 fluid ounce = 1.805 cubic inches
    • 1 fluid ounce = .02957 liters
    • 1 cubic inch = 16.387064 cubic centimeters 1 pound = 0.4536 kg or 1 kg = 2.2046 pounds
    • 1 oz = 28.35 grams

    • Celsius deg * 9/5 +32 = fahrenheit, f-32 * 5/9 = centigrade
    • 212 deg fahrenheit = 100 degree celsius, water boils
    • 32 deg fahrenheit = 0 degree celsius, water freezes
    • -40 deg fahrenheit = -40 deg celsius
    • Absolute 0 degrees or kelvin = -459.7 fahrenheit or -273 c
    • The speed of light in a vacuum is approx 2.998 * 10^8 meters/second or 186,000 miles per second. rounded off 3 * 10^8 meters/second.

    • 1 megahertz frequency wavelength is 300 meters.
    • The formula for determining load in watts is:

      watts = amps x volts or p(watts)= i(current) x e(voltage)

      note: 1 kw = 1000 watts

    • space heater 1200 watts

    • weed trimmer 850 watts

    • clothes dryer (gas) 720 watts

    • clothes dryer (electric) 2400 watts

    • light bulb (100w) 100 watts

    • small radio am/fm cd 50 watts

    • radio, cb 50 watts

    • fan 200 watts

    • television 50-250 watts (cathode tube), plasma flat screen 125-250 watts

    • LED flat screen tv 50-120 watts

    • microwave oven 1200 watts

    • air conditioner (12,000 btu) 3250 watts

    • furnace fan (1/3 hp blower motor) 600 watts

    • vacuum cleaner 600 watts

    • sump pump (1/3 hp) 700 watts

    • refrigerator/freezer 800 watts

    • deep freezer 500 watts

    • circular saw 6" 800 watts

    • floodlight 150 watts(incandescent) LED 75 watts

    • drill 1/2" electric 1000 watts

    • toaster 1200 watts

    • coffee maker 1200 watts

    • skillet 1200 watts

    • chain saw 14" electric 1200 watts

    • water well pump (1/2 hp) 1000 watts

    • hot plate/range (per burner) 1000-1200 watts

    • table saw 10" 2000 watts

    • elect. water heater 3000 watts

    • dc battery/device charger 120 watts










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